Kubera ubwiyongere bw'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, iterambere ry'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu igihe kirekire ryabaye ikintu gishimishije, kandi inzira za tekiniki zo kubika ingufu igihe kirekire zirimo cyane cyane uburyo bwo kubika ingufu hakoreshejwe pompe, uburyo bwo kubika umunyu ushongeshejwe, uburyo bwo kubika umuriro w'amazi, uburyo bwo kubika umwuka ufunze, n'uburyo bwo kubika hydrogen mu byiciro bitanu. Muri iki cyiciro, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu hakoreshejwe pompe ni bwo bumaze igihe kinini, ariko ibyiza byo kubika ingufu zifunze ni byinshi, imikorere myiza, ikiguzi gito, kurengera ibidukikije no gusukura, kandi bishobora gukuraho imipaka y'ubutaka, byitezwe ko bizaba inyongera ku buryo bwo kubika ingufu hakoreshejwe pompe.
Ububiko bw'ingufu z'umwuka ufunze ni ubw'ububiko bw'ingufu bw'igihe kirekire, bushobora gukorwa igihe kirekire kirenze amasaha 4 cyangwa iminsi, amezi yo gutanga no gusohora ingufu mu buryo bwo kubika ingufu, mu kugenzura ihindagurika rishya ry'ingufu mu ruhare rw'inyungu zidasanzwe.
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ishuri rikuru ry’ubumenyi bw’ubuhanga mu kubika ingufu muri thermofiziki, XuYuJie, mu gihe kizaza, sisitemu y’ingufu z’igihugu cyacu ni ubwoko bushya bw’ingufu nshya nk’ingufu z’ingenzi, n’ingufu z’umuyaga, ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic n’izindi ngufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa hamwe n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere ndetse n’uburyo bwo kugera ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi ku rwego runini, bizateza ibibazo by’umutekano. Muri iki gihe, hakenewe sisitemu yo kubika ingufu nk’umutungo ugenzurwa neza kugira ngo igenzure sisitemu y’ingufu. Ububiko bw’ingufu zikomoka ku mwuka ufunze ni ikintu cy’ingenzi.
“Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu z’umwuka ukabije si rishya, ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo kubika ingufu z’umwuka ukabije ryakoreshejwe mu Budage, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu myaka myinshi ishize, ariko ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo kubika ingufu z’umwuka ukabije rishingiye ku bikomoka kuri peteroli, hakenewe ubuvumo bunini karemano, imikorere myiza yo kubika ingufu ni mike n’ibindi bibazo, kwamamaza ku rwego runini bihora ari bike.” Xu Yujie yavuze ko sisitemu yo kubika ingufu z’umwuka ukabije mu Bushinwa ikoresha ubushyuhe bukabije, itagikoresha ibikomoka kuri peteroli, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye nko mu bikoresho byo kubika hejuru y’ubutaka, mu byumba by’ubukorano no mu buvumo karemano bwo munsi y’ubutaka kugira ngo hubakwe ibyumba byo kubikamo. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu yongerera cyane imikorere myiza yo kubika ingufu.
Ubu, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu zigezweho rya MW 100, Ubushinwa bwubatse ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ingufu zigezweho cya MW 100, kandi cyahujwe neza n’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi kugira ngo gitange amashanyarazi. Ikigo cy’ingufu giherereye mu Karere ka Zhangbei, mu Ntara ya Hebei, ni cyo cyubatswe kandi gikoreshwa muri uyu mushinga ku isi yose, kikaba ari cyo kinini kandi cyiza kurusha ibindi byose by’uruganda rushya rw’ingufu zigezweho. Rushobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri miliyoni 132 kWh buri mwaka, rutanga uburinzi bw’amashanyarazi ku bakoresha bagera ku 50.000. Muri icyo gihe, rushobora kuzigama toni 42.000 z’amakara asanzwe no kugabanya toni 109.000 z’imyuka ihumanya ikirere buri mwaka.
Ni izihe nyungu zo kubika ingufu za gaze zifunze kurusha ubundi bwoko bushya bw'ingufu? Muri rusange, bishobora gusobanurwa nk'umutekano, igihe kirekire n'imbaraga zikomeye zo guturika. Ubwa mbere, kubika ingufu za gaze zifunze ni umutekano cyane. Dufate urugero rw'umushinga wo kubika ingufu za gaze karubone zifunze, kuko gushonga gaze karubone biroroshye cyane, bityo kuyibika bisaba gusa megapascal nke z'umuvuduko, ntugomba guhangayikishwa no kubika gaze zifunze bitewe n'akaga gahishe, mu gihe kimwe gaze karubone idahumanya, ntishobora gushya kandi iraturika, umutekano wayo ni mwiza cyane. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko byose ari ibikoresho bya mekanike, ubuzima bwa sisitemu zo kubika ingufu z'umwuka zifunze bushobora kugera ku myaka 30-50 mu gihe cy'ubugenzuzi busanzwe. "Gubika ingufu z'umwuka zifunze ni inzira ishingiye ku bushyuhe, ifite ibyiza karemano mu bijyanye n'umutekano no kwangirika kw'imikorere, kandi ifatwa nk'imwe mu ikoranabuhanga rinini ry'ubwikorezi bw'ingufu." Ashingiye kuri izi nyungu, Chen Haisheng, umushakashatsi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubwubatsi rya Thermofiziki ry’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi ry’Abashinwa, yavuze ko ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu z’umwuka ufunze rifite akamaro kanini mu rwego rw’ingamba kandi ko isoko rikenewe cyane kugira ngo intego z’igihugu zo gukoresha karubone ebyiri zigerweho no kunoza ibidukikije.
Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko ingufu zituruka mu kubika ingufu z’umwuka ufunze ziba zikomeye cyane. Ibi bishobora gukora mu buryo butaziguye mu bintu bimwe na bimwe byihariye. Urugero, ku birebana na moteri za mazutu zikoreshwa mu bwato bunini, umwuka ufunze ubusanzwe ubikwa mu gikoresho cy’umuvuduko hanyuma ugakoreshwa neza kuri piston binyuze muri valve yihariye yo gutangira kugira ngo uhindure crankshaft mbere yo gutangira gutera lisansi. Iyi gahunda ni nto kandi ihendutse kurusha moteri y’amashanyarazi ifite ingano imwe, kandi ishobora gutanga ingufu nyinshi cyane zikenewe hatabayeho gushyira imizigo myinshi kuri moteri y’ubwato na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza.
Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zituruka mu kirere gikonje, Ubushinwa burimo gukomeza ibikorwa binini byo kwerekana no gukoresha, bukusanya ubunararibonye mu gushushanya no kubaka, kandi bunateza imbere uruhererekane rw'inganda rwuzuye kandi rukuze kugira ngo burusheho kwihutisha imirimo yo kubaka no kuyikoresha.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 14 Nzeri 2023
