Hamwe no kwiyongera kwingufu zibyara ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, iterambere ryokubika ingufu zimaze igihe kinini ryabaye inzira, kandi inzira za tekinike zo kubika ingufu nini cyane zimaze igihe kinini zirimo ububiko bwa pompe, ububiko bwumuriro bwumunyu ushonga, ububiko bwamazi bwamazi , guhunika ikirere kibitswe, hamwe no kubika hydrogène mubyiciro bitanu.Kuri iki cyiciro, pompe yo kubika pompe niyo ikuze cyane, ariko ibyiza byo guhunika ingufu zo mu kirere bigabanijwe ni binini, bikora neza, bidahenze, kurengera ibidukikije kandi bifite isuku, kandi birashobora gukuraho imipaka y’imiterere, biteganijwe ko bizaba inyongera kubika pompe.
Kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zifunitse ni iz'ububiko bw'ingufu zimaze igihe kinini, zishobora kugerwaho igihe kirekire kirenze amasaha 4 cyangwa iminsi, amezi yo kwishyuza no gusohora ukwezi kwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, muguhindura ihindagurika rishya ry’ingufu mu nshingano za ibyiza bidasanzwe.
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’ishuri ry’ubumenyi ry’Ubushinwa mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ubushakashatsi bw’ububiko bwa thermophysics n’ubushakashatsi bw’ikigo gishinzwe iterambere XuYuJie, mu gihe kiri imbere, ingufu z’igihugu cyacu ni ubwoko bushya bw’ingufu nshya nka sisitemu nkuru y’ingufu, n’ingufu z’umuyaga, amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi na izindi mbaraga zishobora kongera ingufu zitanga ingufu hamwe nihindagurika kandi rimwe na rimwe, niba nini nini yo kubona amashanyarazi, bizatera umutekano muke.Muri iki gihe, hakenewe sisitemu yo kubika ingufu nkibintu byoroshye kugenzura umutungo kugirango ugenzure sisitemu yingufu.Kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zifunitse ni ikintu cyerekana.
“Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu zo mu kirere ntabwo ari shyashya, tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zikomatanyirijwe mu Budage, muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika mu myaka myinshi ishize, ariko ikoranabuhanga gakondo ryo guhunika ingufu zo mu kirere rishingiye ku bicanwa biva mu kirere, hakenewe ubuvumo bunini, ingufu zo kubika ingufu ziri hasi kandi nibindi bibazo, iterambere rinini rihora rigarukira. ”Xu Yujie yavuze ko Ubushinwa bugezweho bwo kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zikoresha ingufu zikoresha ingufu zikoreshwa mu kirere, butagikoresha ibicanwa biva mu kirere, kandi ko bushobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye nk'ibikoresho byo mu butaka biri hejuru y'ubutaka, ibyumba by'ubukorikori n'ubuvumo karemano bwo kubaka ibyumba byo kubikamo.Mubyongeyeho, sisitemu itezimbere cyane uburyo bwo kubika ingufu.
Kugeza ubu, hifashishijwe tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zigera kuri MW 100, Ubushinwa bwubatse sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi ya mbere y’amashanyarazi ya MW 100 yateye imbere, kandi ihuza neza na gride kugira ngo itange amashanyarazi.Sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi iherereye mu Ntara ya Zhangbei, mu Ntara ya Hebei, ni isi yubatswe kandi ikorerwa muri uyu mushinga, imikorere nini kandi nziza y’uruganda rushya rwo kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zafunzwe.Irashobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri miliyoni 132 kWh buri mwaka, itanga ingufu zo hejuru zikoresha amashanyarazi agera ku 50.000.Muri icyo gihe, irashobora kuzigama toni 42.000 z'amakara asanzwe kandi ikagabanya toni 109.000 za karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone buri mwaka.
Ni izihe nyungu zo kubika ingufu za gaze zifunitse kuruta ubundi bwoko bushya bwo kubika ingufu?Muri rusange, irashobora kuvugwa muri make nkumutekano, kuramba nimbaraga zikomeye ziturika.Ubwa mbere, kubika ingufu za gaze zibitswe ni umutekano cyane.Fata urugero rwo kubika ingufu za karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone nkurugero, kubera ko kuyungurura imyuka ya karubone byoroshye cyane, kubibika rero bikenera megapascal nkeya yumuvuduko, ntugomba guhangayikishwa no kubika umuvuduko mwinshi wa gaze uzanwa n’akaga kihishe , icyarimwe, dioxyde de carbone ntabwo ari uburozi, ntabwo yaka kandi iturika, umutekano wacyo ni mwiza cyane.Mubyongeyeho, kubera ko ari ibikoresho byose byubukanishi, ubuzima bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zifunitse zirashobora kugera ku myaka 30-50 mu kubungabunga bisanzwe.Ati: "Ububiko bw’ingufu zo mu kirere zifunitse ni inzira ifatika ishingiye ku gusiganwa ku magare y’ubushyuhe, ifite inyungu karemano mu bijyanye n’umutekano no kwangirika kw’imikorere, kandi ifatwa nkimwe mu ikoranabuhanga rinini cyane ryo kubika ingufu."Ashingiye kuri izo nyungu, Chen Haisheng, umushakashatsi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubwubatsi Thermophysics y’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi ry’Ubushinwa, yavuze ko ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu kubika ingufu z’ikirere rifite akamaro gakomeye kandi rikaba rikeneye isoko rikomeye kugira ngo iki gihugu kibe cyashyizwe mu bikorwa -intego yibikorwa bya karubone no kuzamura ibidukikije.
Birakwiye ko tuvuga ko ingufu ziturika zo guhunika ingufu zo mu kirere zikomye cyane.Ibi birashobora gukora muburyo butaziguye.Ku bijyanye na moteri ya mazutu ikoreshwa mu mato manini, nk'urugero, umwuka wugarije ubusanzwe ubikwa mu kigega cy'umuvuduko kandi bigakorerwa kuri piston binyuze mu cyuma kidasanzwe cyo gutangiza kugirango uhindure igikonjo mbere yo gutangira gutera lisansi.Iyi gahunda iroroshye kandi ihendutse kuruta moteri itangira amashanyarazi afite ubunini bungana, kandi irashobora gutanga amashanyarazi menshi cyane atabanje gushyira imitwaro irenze kuri generator yubwato no gukwirakwiza.
Kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zifunitse, Ubushinwa burushijeho gushimangira imyigaragambyo nini n’ibikorwa, ikusanya uburambe mu bijyanye n’ubuhanga n’ubwubatsi, kandi igateza imbere urwego rw’inganda rwuzuye kandi rukuze kugira ngo rwihutishe kubaka no gushyira mu bikorwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-14-2023